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Emil Fischer (9 October, 1852–15 July, 1919) was a German chemist who discovered the phenylhydranzine and the Fischer Esterification. He also carried the synthesis of tea, coffee, caffeine and cocoa. He proved the relation between fructose and glucose. His significant research on sugar included the synthesis of glucosides. He also found out methods to separate amino acids and found out proline and hydroxyproline, which were new types of cyclic amino acids. His research on proteins was also remarkable.  
He came up with the 'Lock and key model' to show the interface between enzymes and substrates. His book on the 'hydrolysis of casein' published after he had carried out the synthesis of dipeptide and glycylglycine. His most remarkable discovery was the synthesis of mannose, fructose and glucose from glycerol. Fischer discovered and studied lichens from the black forest, which were used in tanning processes. Later he carried out a research on fats. He was bestowed with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902 for his immense contributions to this field.